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Enhanced Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (eSAPS-PD)
Enhanced Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (eSAPS-PD)
| Availability |
Please visit this website for more information about the instrument: Enhanced Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
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| Classification |
Supplemental - Highly Recommended: Parkinson's Disease (PD)
Recommendations for use: Indicated for studies requiring a clinical interview measure of psychosis that captures minor and major phenomena common to PDP (Parkinson's Disease Psychosis).
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| Short Description of Instrument |
The enhanced Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms in PD (eSAPS) is a structured clinical interview and is an expanded version of the SAPS-PD with additional questions related to delusions (i.e. Capgras syndrome and other delusions), hallucinations (i.e. olfactory, gustatory) and minor hallucinations (i.e. illusions, passage and presence hallucinations).
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| Comments/Special Instructions |
The eSAPS is a structured clinical interview that covers 13 items in the domains/subscales of: Minor Hallucinations (1 item broken into three parts: Illusions, Passage Hallucinations, and Presence Hallucinations), Major Hallucinations (5 items plus a global rating), and Delusions (5 items plus a global rating).
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| Scoring and Psychometric Properties |
Scoring: Each item is scored on a scale of 0-5:
0 = None/None at all
1 = Questionable
2 = Mild
3 = Moderate
4 = Marked
5 = Severe
Scores are obtained for Minor Hallucinations (item 1), Major Hallucinations (the sum of the 5 items), Delusions (the sum of 5 items), and the global hallucination and delusion scores (individual global scores).
Psychometric Properties: Psychometric properties are not available in PD.
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| Rationale/Justification |
Strengths: The eSAPS is designed to assess a spectrum of psychotic phenomena often accompanying PDP that are typically not ascertained with other structured clinical interview assessments of psychosis.
Weaknesses: The eSAPS requires a trained clinical interviewer which may not be conducive to some settings. The eSAPS has not been widely used. No psychometric properties are available in PD.
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| References |
Key Reference:
Kulick CV, Montgomery KM, Nirenberg MJ. Comprehensive identification of delusions and olfactory, tactile, gustatory, and minor hallucinations in Parkinson's disease psychosis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018 Sep;54:40-45.
Additional References:
Voss T, Bahr D, Cummings J, Mills R, Ravina B, Williams H. Performance of a shortened Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms for Parkinson's disease psychosis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013 Mar;19(3):295-9.
Voss TS, Brocht AF, Ravina B. Performance of the scale for assessment of positive symptoms in Parkinson's disease psychosis. Mov Disord. 2010 Jan 15;25(1):124-5.
Document last updated August 2022
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